Lab Report
Can Using the Probability of Dice Rolling Help You Win Big Bucks?
Determining if there is a way to use probability to win Dice focused games like Craps.
| Roll # | Sum | Roll # | Sum | Roll # | Sum | Roll # | Sum | Roll # | Sum |
| #1 | 8 | #21 | 6 | #41 | 7 | #61 | 6 | #81 | 9 |
| #2 | 9 | #22 | 11 | #42 | 5 | #62 | 10 | #82 | 3 |
| #3 | 6 | #23 | 8 | #43 | 10 | #63 | 7 | #83 | 11 |
| #4 | 10 | #24 | 6 | #44 | 8 | #64 | 7 | #84 | 4 |
| #5 | 8 | #25 | 4 | #45 | 7 | #65 | 4 | #85 | 10 |
| #6 | 6 | #26 | 8 | #46 | 4 | #66 | 11 | #86 | 7 |
| #7 | 7 | #27 | 8 | #47 | 11 | #67 | 3 | #87 | 7 |
| #8 | 11 | #28 | 9 | #48 | 9 | #68 | 7 | #88 | 11 |
| #9 | 10 | #29 | 5 | #49 | 2 | #69 | 4 | #89 | 4 |
| #10 | 10 | #30 | 6 | #50 | 2 | #70 | 5 | #90 | 4 |
| #11 | 5 | #31 | 9 | #51 | 4 | #71 | 7 | #91 | 10 |
| #12 | 9 | #32 | 9 | #52 | 8 | #72 | 10 | #92 | 4 |
| #13 | 3 | #33 | 7 | #53 | 10 | #73 | 7 | #93 | 5 |
| #14 | 5 | #34 | 8 | #54 | 11 | #74 | 9 | #94 | 9 |
| #15 | 6 | #35 | 10 | #55 | 9 | #75 | 8 | #95 | 5 |
| #16 | 7 | #36 | 10 | #56 | 7 | #76 | 2 | #96 | 8 |
| #17 | 10 | #37 | 9 | #57 | 9 | #77 | 5 | #97 | 7 |
| #18 | 11 | #38 | 5 | #58 | 6 | #78 | 9 | #98 | 5 |
| #19 | 7 | #39 | 6 | #59 | 7 | #79 | 11 | #99 | 4 |
| #20 | 10 | #40 | 7 | #60 | 7 | #80 | 10 | #100 | 10 |
Figure 1: Final results of the experiment
By: Pedro Cruz-Avalos
March 12th ,2025
In this paper I evaluated how probable or lucky it could be to win in a game of Craps. Accomplishing this by rolling a 100-roll sample with a pair of dice that resulted with varying results of sums. Using those sums to see which are flat winners, point numbers, and losses. Taking the probabilities of winning numbers of seven, eleven, and point numbers which resulted in an overall 0.49293 probability of winning big bucks at Craps.
Introduction
Craps, the world’s most common dice game, and to win is based on a lucky seven or eleven. Although some people think playing Craps is about luck, there is more to it than mindlessly tossing dice and hoping to win. A dies probability for a desired single value is 1/6 but for a pair of dice is doubled to 1/36 possibilities. In a game of Craps, the possibilities of getting a sum of seven is slim and getting losing numbers like two, three and twelve can result in major financial losses. Any other numbers are also point numbers as well that need to be repeated to win instead of rolling the initial seven or eleven. So, can rolling a winning number be based on pure luck or can there be a way to use probability to increase our chances ?
Materials and Methods
- A pair of six-sided dice from a Deadpool Monopoly game each measuring at 1.5 cm (about 0.59 in) on each side
- Microsoft Excel sheet
- A flat desk
This is an easy experiment to conduct that begins with:
- Step 1: Shake the pair of dice for 2 seconds.
- Step 2: Release the dice on to a flat surface from a short height to prevent the dice from bouncing around.
- Step 3: Record the sum of the dice.
- Step 4: Repeat Steps 1, 2, and 3 until there have been 100 attempts in total.


Figure 2: Conducting a dice roll
Results
After rolling for a total sample of 100 rolls, the tables below show the data on the possibilities, attempts, common recordings, and final sum recordings gathered from the experiment.
| [1][1] | [1][2] | [1][3] | [1][4] | [1][5] | [1][6] |
| [2][1] | [2][2] | [2][3] | [2][4] | [2][5] | [2][6] |
| [3][1] | [3][2] | [3][3] | [3][4] | [3][5] | [3][6] |
| [4][1] | [4][2] | [4][3] | [4][4] | [4][5] | [4][6] |
| [5][1] | [5][2] | [5][3] | [5][4] | [5][5] | [5][6] |
| [6][1] | [6][2] | [6][3] | [6][4] | [6][5] | [6][6] |
Figure 3: Possibilities for a sum of seven in yellow and eleven in light green
| Roll Number | Sum | Roll Number | Sum |
| #1 | 8 | #6 | 6 |
| #2 | 9 | #7 | 7 |
| #3 | 6 | #8 | 11 |
| #4 | 10 | #9 | 10 |
| #5 | 8 | #10 | 10 |
Figure 4: Table of the first ten rolls
| Most Common Number | Most Common Sum |
| 5 | 7 |
Figure 5: Most common number and sum
| Sum of | Amount | Sum of | Amount | Sum of | Amount | Sum of | Amount |
| #2 | 3x | #5 | 10x | #8 | 10x | #11 | 9x |
| #3 | 3x | #6 | 9x | #9 | 13x | #12 | 0x |
| #4 | 10x | #7 | 18x | #10 | 15x |
Figure 6: Number of occurrences for each sum
Analysis
Rolling dice over this sample of 100 tries in Figure 1 has displayed that there is no luck when playing Craps. Simply there is more sense to know the probabilities of rolling a sum of seven or eleven than relying on dumb luck. For which the chances are slim but turned out to result in seven having 18/100 occurrences and eleven having 9/100 as seen in Figure 6. Which had 27 total winning sums in this sample. Along with those winning numbers, there was a point number ten recorded 15/100 times. Losing numbers appeared much rarer with 6/100 times in this sample. In other words, winning in Craps knowing the probabilities is less than half but not a thing of luck.
In a study on dice titled, The Probability of Winning Dice Games, by Mathematics Professor Bonnie H. Litwiller and Academic researcher David R. Duncan published by The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. They wrote in “Case 1. From table 1, the probability of rolling a 7 is 6/36 = 0.166667. Case 2. From table 1, the probability of rolling an 11 is 2/36 = 0.055556.” (Litwiller and Duncan 458-459). Which similarly reflects what I collected for a seven and eleven’s chances of being rolled. To which they also wrote in a data table that collectively the possibility of winning with sevens, elevens and point numbers was a 0.49293 probability. Where “Ray’s probability of winning is just less than ½. If the probability were appreciably less than ½, Ray wouldn’t play.” (Litwiller and Duncan 459). This demonstrated that although the probability is not more than half but still not too far away either makes for a good chance of winning Craps when considering probability.
Conclusion
Overall, this experiment has demonstrated by understanding the probability of a pair of dice and all the possible sums to win in Craps is less than half. Where a 100-roll sample displayed plenty of chances of a player winning big bucks and few of those chances of losing. Similarly, as this experiment has been done for the game of Craps, there could be more done using the probability 0.49293 to show players of these games to understand their success or losses rather than leaving it to how much lucky they have. To possibly help those players with gambling addictions with Craps or give newcomers an idea that winning could be possible but not guaranteed.
Resources
LITWILLER, B. H., & DUNCAN, D. R. (1979). THE PROBABILITY OF WINNING DICE GAMES. The Mathematics Teacher, 72(6), 458–461. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27961716
Appendix
| Roll # | Sum | Roll # | Sum | Roll # | Sum | Roll # | Sum | Roll # | Sum |
| #1 | 8 | #21 | 6 | #41 | 7 | #61 | 6 | #81 | 9 |
| #2 | 9 | #22 | 11 | #42 | 5 | #62 | 10 | #82 | 3 |
| #3 | 6 | #23 | 8 | #43 | 10 | #63 | 7 | #83 | 11 |
| #4 | 10 | #24 | 6 | #44 | 8 | #64 | 7 | #84 | 4 |
| #5 | 8 | #25 | 4 | #45 | 7 | #65 | 4 | #85 | 10 |
| #6 | 6 | #26 | 8 | #46 | 4 | #66 | 11 | #86 | 7 |
| #7 | 7 | #27 | 8 | #47 | 11 | #67 | 3 | #87 | 7 |
| #8 | 11 | #28 | 9 | #48 | 9 | #68 | 7 | #88 | 11 |
| #9 | 10 | #29 | 5 | #49 | 2 | #69 | 4 | #89 | 4 |
| #10 | 10 | #30 | 6 | #50 | 2 | #70 | 5 | #90 | 4 |
| #11 | 5 | #31 | 9 | #51 | 4 | #71 | 7 | #91 | 10 |
| #12 | 9 | #32 | 9 | #52 | 8 | #72 | 10 | #92 | 4 |
| #13 | 3 | #33 | 7 | #53 | 10 | #73 | 7 | #93 | 5 |
| #14 | 5 | #34 | 8 | #54 | 11 | #74 | 9 | #94 | 9 |
| #15 | 6 | #35 | 10 | #55 | 9 | #75 | 8 | #95 | 5 |
| #16 | 7 | #36 | 10 | #56 | 7 | #76 | 2 | #96 | 8 |
| #17 | 10 | #37 | 9 | #57 | 9 | #77 | 5 | #97 | 7 |
| #18 | 11 | #38 | 5 | #58 | 6 | #78 | 9 | #98 | 5 |
| #19 | 7 | #39 | 6 | #59 | 7 | #79 | 11 | #99 | 4 |
| #20 | 10 | #40 | 7 | #60 | 7 | #80 | 10 | #100 | 10 |
Figure 7: Final results with highlighted winning numbers
| Dice number | Times appeared | Dice number | Times appeared |
| #1 | 30x | #4 | 33x |
| #2 | 30x | #5 | 40x |
| #3 | 31x | #6 | 36x |
Figure 8: Number of occurrences for each number
| Most Common Number | Least Common Number | Most Common Sum | Least Common Sum |
| 5 | 1 & 2 | 7 | 12 |
Figure 9: Most and least common numbers and sums

